One of the challenges that PeopleSoft gives to an Oracle database is that many processes dynamically generate many SQL statements. They usually have different literal values each time, some may also reference different non-shared instances of temporary records. Each statement must be fully parsed by the Oracle statements. That consumes CPU and takes time. Oracle has already recommended using bind variables instead of literal values for that reason.
Reusing AE Statements
It would generally be better if the SQL used bind variables rather than literal values. In Application Engine, one option is to set the ReUseStatement attribute on the steps in question. Then bind variables in Application Engine remain bind variables in the SQL and are not converted to literals. This can reduce parse time (see Minimising Parse Time in Application Engine with ReUseStatement). However, this attribute is not set by default. This is partly for legacy PeopleTools reasons, and partly due to the pitfalls discussed below. Over the years, Oracle has got much better at setting this attribute where possible in delivered PeopleSoft application code. There are still many places where it could still be added. However, there are some considerations before we add it ourselves.
- When a customer sets the ReUseStatement attribute in the delivered code, it is a customisation that has to be migrated using Application Designer. It has to be maintained to ensure that subsequent releases and patches do not revert it.
- ReUseStatement cannot be introduced across the board, but only on steps that meet certain criteria. It doesn't work when dynamic code is generated with %BIND(…,NOQUOTES), or if a %BIND() is used in a SELECT clause. Worse, setting this attribute when it should not be can cause the application to function incorrectly. So each change has to be tested carefully.
Cursor Sharing
If you can't remove the literal values in the SQL code, then another option is to introduce cursor sharing in Oracle. Essentially, all literals are converted to bind variables before the SQL is parsed, and thus statements that only differ in the literal values can be treated as the same statement. If the statement is still in the shared pool, then it is not fully reparsed and uses the same execution plan.
Oracle cautions against using cursor sharing as a long-term fix: "The best practice is to write sharable SQL and use the default of EXACT for CURSOR_SHARING… FORCE is not meant to be a permanent development solution."
I realise that I am now about to suggest doing exactly that, but only for specific processes, and never for the whole database. I have tested enabling cursor sharing at database level a few times and have never had a good experience.
Session Settings for Processes Executed on the Process Scheduler
It is easy to set a session setting for a specific process run on the PeopleSoft process scheduler. The first thing a process does is to set the status of its own request record to 7, indicating that it is processing.
A trigger can be created on this transition that will then be executed in the session of the process. I initially developed this technique to set other session settings for nVision reports. I introduced a database table to hold a list of the settings, and the trigger matches this metadata to the processes being run by up for 4 attributes: process type, process name, operation and run control.
- see Setting Oracle Session Parameters for Specific Process Scheduler Processes
- The scripts are available on GitHub
- Trigger: set_prcs_sess_parm_trg.sql. The trigger expects that psftapi.sql has also been installed.
- Example metadata set_prcs_sess_parm.sql
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER sysadm.set_prcs_sess_parm
BEFORE UPDATE OF runstatus ON sysadm.psprcsrqst
FOR EACH ROW
FOLLOWS sysadm.psftapi_store_prcsinstance
WHEN (new.runstatus = 7 AND old.runstatus != 7 AND new.prcstype != 'PSJob')
DECLARE
l_cmd VARCHAR2(100 CHAR);
…
BEGIN
FOR i IN (
WITH x as (
SELECT p.*
, row_number() over (partition by param_name
order by NULLIF(prcstype, '') nulls last, NULLIF(prcsname, '') nulls last,
NULLIF(oprid , '') nulls last, NULLIF(runcntlid,'') nulls last) priority
FROM sysadm.PS_PRCS_SESS_PARM p
WHERE (p.prcstype = :new.prcstype OR p.prcstype = '')
AND (p.prcsname = :new.prcsname OR p.prcsname = '')
AND (p.oprid = :new.oprid OR p.oprid = '')
AND (p.runcntlid = :new.runcntlid OR p.runcntlid = ''))
SELECT * FROM x WHERE priority = 1
) LOOP
…
IF NULLIF(i.parmvalue,'') IS NOT NULL THEN
l_cmd := 'ALTER SESSION '||i.keyword||''||l_delim||i.param_name||l_delim||l_op||i.parmvalue;
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE l_cmd;
END IF;
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN …
END;
/The first delivered program that was a candidate for cursor sharing was GLPOCONS (GL Consolidations process). All that is necessary is to insert the relevant metadata, and it will apply the next time the process starts. Anything you can set with an ALTER SESSION command can be put in the metadata. At times, other settings have been defined, hence the insert statement is written in this way.
INSERT INTO sysadm.ps_prcs_sess_parm (prcstype, prcsname, oprid, runcntlid, keyword, param_name, parmvalue)
with x as (
select 'inmemory_query' param_name, 'SET' keyword, 'DISABLE' parmvalue from dual --Disable inmemory
union all select 'cursor_sharing' , 'SET' keyword, 'FORCE' from dual --to mitigate excessive parse
), y as (
select prcstype, prcsname, '' oprid, '' runcntlid
from ps_prcsdefn
where prcsname IN('GLPOCONS')
)
select y.prcstype, y.prcsname, y.oprid, y.runcntlid, x.keyword, x.param_name, x.parmvalue
from x,y
/Cursor Sharing in Stand-Alone Application Engine Programs
In PeopleSoft, some Application Engine programs are executed by other programs. For example, the General Ledger Revaluation process (FSPCCURR) and (GLPOCONS), will directly invoke the Journal Edit and Budget Check process (GL_JEDIT2) for each journal that needs to be edited. GL_JEDIT2 inherits the process instance of the FSPCCURR process that invoked it, but there is no process scheduler request record for it to update, so the trigger technique described above does not work.
A different approach, specific to GL_JEDIT2 is required. The first thing GL_JEDIT2 does is write the current process instance number onto the JRNL_LN records it is working on.
UPDATE PS_JRNL_LN SET JRNL_LINE_STATUS='0', PROCESS_INSTANCE=:1
WHERE BUSINESS_UNIT=:2 AND JOURNAL_ID=:3 AND JOURNAL_DATE=TO_DATE(:4,'YYYY-MM-DD') AND UNPOST_SEQ=0The update statement may update many rows, but I only want to enable cursor sharing once. Therefore I have created a compound trigger.
- The trigger only fires when a statement updates PS_JRN_LN.PROCESS_INSTANCE from a zero to a non-zero value.
- The after statement section executes once after the update statement completes. This will contain the logic that checks the setting of module to verify that this is a GL_JEDIT2 process and that the current process instance is a process that is currently executing. It also enhances the value of the MODULE setting with the process name and instance; thus making it possible to determine which GL_JEDIT2 process was invoked by which parent process. Finally, it enables cursor sharing for the current session. However, the after statement section cannot read the data values being updated.
- Therefore an after row section is needed to collect the process instance. It fires for each row being updated. It is as minimal as possible to avoid adding overhead to the update statement. It copies the updated value of PROCESS_INSTANCE to a global PL/SQL variable, and nothing else. The variable value can then be read in the after statement section.
- The dbms_output commands are left over from testing and have been commented out in the final trigger.
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER gfc_jrnl_ln_gl_jedit2
FOR UPDATE OF process_instance ON ps_jrnl_ln
WHEN (new.process_instance != 0 and old.process_instance = 0)
COMPOUND TRIGGER
l_process_instance INTEGER;
l_runcntlid VARCHAR2(30);
l_module VARCHAR2(64);
l_action VARCHAR2(64);
l_prcsname VARCHAR2(12);
l_cursor_sharing CONSTANT VARCHAR2(64) := 'ALTER SESSION SET cursor_sharing=FORCE';
AFTER EACH ROW IS
BEGIN
l_process_instance := :new.process_instance;
--dbms_output.put_line('process_instance='||l_process_instance);
END AFTER EACH ROW;
AFTER STATEMENT IS
BEGIN
IF l_process_instance != 0 THEN
dbms_application_info.read_module(l_module,l_action);
--dbms_output.put_line('module='||l_module||',action='||l_action);
IF l_module like 'PSAE.GL_JEDIT2.%' THEN --check this session is instrumented as being GL_JEDIT
--check process instance being set is a running FSPCCURR process
SELECT prcsname, runcntlid
INTO l_prcsname, l_runcntlid
FROM psprcsrqst
WHERE prcsinstance = l_process_instance AND runstatus = '7';
l_module := regexp_substr(l_module,'PSAE\.GL_JEDIT2\.[0-9]+',1,1)||':'||l_prcsname||':PI='||l_process_instance||':'||l_runcntlid;
dbms_application_info.set_module(l_module,l_action);
--dbms_output.put_line('set module='||l_module||',action='||l_action);
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE l_cursor_sharing;
--dbms_output.put_line('set cursor_sharing');
END IF;
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
--dbms_output.put_line('Cannot find running '||l_prcsname||' process instance '||l_process_instance);
NULL; --cannot find running process instance number
WHEN OTHERS THEN
--dbms_output.put_line('Other Error:'||sqlerrm);
NULL;
END AFTER STATEMENT;
END gfc_jrnl_ln_gl_jedit2;
/